Republic of colombia, a republic in South usa, its in the northwestern section of the continent, and bounded for the north by simply Panama plus the Caribbean Sea, on the east by Venezuela and Brazil, on the to the south by Peru and Ecuador, and on the west by Pacific Ocean. Republic of colombia is the simply country of South America with coasts in both the Carribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The total land part of the country can be 1, 141, 748 sq km (440, 831 sq mi). The capital and major city is Bogotá.
“The distinguishing topographical feature of Colombia may be the Andes huge batch chain, the in the central and european parts of the country, and stretches north through south across nearly its whole length. “The Andes comprise three main and parallel ranges: the Cordillera Asian, the Cadena Central, and the Cordillera Communautaire. On the Carribbean coast is the isolated pile mass referred to as Sierra Nevasca de Santa Marta, which includes Colombia’s greatest point at Pico Cristóbal Colón (5776 m/18, 950 ft).
“The Cordillera Central provides the volcanic peaks of Huila (5750 m/ 18, 865 ft) and Tolima (5616 m/ 18, 425 ft).
About 240 km (about 150 mi) south of the Caribbean, the Cordillera Central descends to marshy new world. The sierra peaks will be perpetually covered with snow; the timberline in these mountains lies around 3000 m (about 12, 000 ft). East of the Sierra Oriental happen to be vast extends to of torrid lowlands, very finely populated and only partly looked into. The the southern area of portion of this kind of region, called selvas (rain forests), can be thickly forested and is drained by the Caquetá River and other tributaries with the Amazon Lake. The northern and increased part of the region comprises great plains, or llanos, which is traversed by Meta and other tributaries with the Orinoco River. Between the cordilleras are large plateaus, a number of which are regarding 2400 meters (about eight thousand ft) over sea level, and agricultural valleys, traversed by the main rivers with the country. The key river of Colombia, the Magdalena, flows north involving the Cordillera Asian and the Sierra Central, throughout practically the complete country, emptying into the Carribbean near Barranquilla after a course of about 1540 km (about 960 mi).
The Cauca, also an important means of connection, flows north between the Sierra Central and the Cordillera Occidental, merging while using Magdalena about 320 kilometres (about 2 hundred mi) from the Caribbean. In the west the PatÃa cuts its way through the Andes to empty in to the Pacific. The coastline of Colombia runs for about 1760 km (about 1090 mi) along the Caribbean and for about 1450 km (about nine hundred mi) along the Pacific. Riv mouths over the coasts are numerous, although no good organic harbors can be found. The environment in Republic of colombia depends on the level of the terrain. Where the waterways are the heat is around twenty-four degrees to 27 levels C and 75 through 80 deg. Three months out of the year it rains and in some parts of Colombia it is very dry. Colombia has many vitamin resources near your vicinity. Colombia is definitely the major universe source of emeralds. Other very good minerals will be petroleum and natural gas, coal, gold, siler, iron. ore, salt, platinum eagle, and a little bit of uranium. Colombia is a amazing place which has coconut trees and shrubs and mangroves that develop along the Caribbean coast.
The parts that are forest have trees like mahogany, lignum vitae, walnut, walnut, planks, pine, and various kinds of balsam. Tropical plants also had out making rubber, chicle, cinchona, vanilla, sarsaparilla, turmeric, gum copal, ipecac, tonka beans, and castor espresso beans. The pets that live in Colombia happen to be jaguars, pumas, tapirs, peccaries, anteaters, sloths, armadillos, and various kinds of apes and crimson deer. There are a lot of Alligators but are hunted a whole lot and now there are only a few. You will discover snakes and birds like condors, vultures, toucans, parrots, cockatoos, cranes, storks, and hummingbirds. “Colombia contains a lot of fertile low-lying valleys, although only about 2 percent from the country’s terrain area, chiefly at larger elevations, is definitely cultivated. Dirt exhaustion and erosion, generally the result of slash-and-burn farming strategies, are problems in farming regions. The population in Colombia is usually diversified. Regarding 58 percent of the folks are mestizo (of mixed The spanish language and Native American ancestry), about 20 percent are of unmixed Western european ancestry, approximately 14 percent are meticcio (of blended black and white colored ancestry). The 8 percent is made up of blacks, Native Americans, and individuals of blended race.
The people of Republic of colombia (1997 estimate) is 37, 852, 050, so the region has an total population thickness of thirty-three persons per sq kilometres (86 per sq mi). “Some 73 percent from the population is usually classified since urban. “The primary centers of population are in the Magdalena and Cauca river miles and in the Caribbean coastal region. The concordat of 1973 maintains a happy status intended for Roman Catholicism; about 95 percent from the people are Roman Catholic. Tiny Protestant and Jewish minorities exist. The required language of Colombia can be Spanish, even though a new metabolism adopted in 1991 recognizes the languages of ethnic groups in their areas and provides for bilingual education. Colombia is divided into 32 departments and one particular capital section. The capital and largest city is Bogotá, an professional center having a population (1993 estimate) of 5, 025, 989. Different important commercial cities range from the trading and textile centers of MedellÃn (1, 594, 967) and Cali (1, 655, 699); Barranquilla (1, 033, 951), which provides both equally a seaport and a major international airport; and Cartagena (707, 092), a seaport and oil pipeline terminal. Republic of colombia elementary education is free of charge and kids opt for five years. About 91 percent coming from all Colombians more than age 12-15 could browse and write by 1995.
Thats mainly because Colombia offers tried to replace the people and make them clever. “Courses in Roman Catholicism are required in all public schools, most of which are controlled by the Roman Catholic church. Simple churches preserve a number of colleges, chiefly in Bogotá. “The national government financial situation secondary- and university-level colleges and preserves primary universities in cities and departments that perhaps have been hit by the recent economic climate and are unable to do so. In 1995 some 4. 7 mil pupils each year attended primary schools; 3. 0 mil students attended secondary educational institutions, including vocational and teacher-training institutions. Back in the 1980s Republic of colombia had some 235 organizations of higher education; total enrollment in 1996 was 644, 200. Among the largest schools are the Countrywide University of Colombia (1867) in Bogotá (parts which date in the 16th century), the School of Cartagena (1827) in Cartagena, the University of Antioquia (1822) in MedellÃn, and the College or university of Nariño (1827) in Pasto. The traditions of the Spanish colonial period is more substantially preserved in Colombia within any other Southern region American nation, and family members life and dress often still adapt traditional norms. Although Colombia is a country of many ethnicity mixtures, their culture is usually diversified more by region than simply by ethnicity.
The Native American civilization was rapidly assimilated into regarding the Spanish settlers, in whose language almost all Colombians speak today. Inside the early 1990s the country began an economic change program that opened its economy to international trade and purchase, and it is the only country in Latin America that taken care of scheduled obligations on financial loans during a debts crisis in the late 1980s. Thereby the country likes one of the greatest credit ratings in the area. The central government budget included income of $11. 2 billion (1994) and expenditures of $7. several billion (1993). The gross domestic merchandise (GDP) in 1996 was $85. 2 billion, or about $2280 per capita. Coffee is usually Colombia’s primary crop. Though Colombia is definitely second simply to Brazil inside the annual amount of coffee created and is the world’s leading producer of mild coffee, the plant was bypassed by petroleum in the mid-1990s as the country’s major source of international income. In the mid-1970s espresso accounted for 80% of Colombia’s export revenue; by 1995 coffee just brought in 25 % of the place’s export profits.
The coastal waters and a lot of rivers and lakes of Colombia offer a variety of fish, notably bass, tarpon, sailfish, and tuna. Petroleum and gold are Colombia’s primary mineral products. More various other minerals happen to be extracted, which includes silver, emeralds, platinum, birdwatcher, nickel, fossil fuel, and gas. The money is the Colombian peso (1037 pesos the same U. S. $1; 1996). In 1903 the Colombian Senate refused to ratify the Hay-Herrán Treaty, which presented to the rental of a tape of territory across the Isthmus of Panama for the United States for the purpose of building a apretado across the Isthmus of Panama. A revolt shattered out in Panama; U. H. armed forces intervened to prevent Colombian troops via suppressing the uprising, plus the United States known Panama because an independent express.
Government options estimated that more than forty one, 000 Colombians”mostly poor farmers”fled their homes to escape the growing physical violence between guerillas and paramilitary units. The federal government and Colombia’s second largest rebel group, the Nationwide Liberation Military (ELN) agreed in early 1998 to open peace negotiations. Nevertheless , the future of discussions remained suspect following the loss of life in Feb of 62-year-old ELN leader Manuel Perez, a former priest who had led the rebel group intended for 25 years. Republic of colombia is an overall good region that has had some very hard times but nonetheless has a long way to go to flourish in the world.
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