Policy can be something related to actions or perhaps decisions, however the question is definitely, on what ground is this policy designed from? The one thing to note is the fact in a contemporary governed culture, there are additional actors and perspectives involved in the process. It means more resources actually can be used and taken into consideration in developing policy pertaining to achieving the common outcome effectively. That is when know-how and proof shed light on linking those views. The evidence-based movement in modern general public policy is usually thus the most recent version of the search for useful and relevant knowledge to aid address and resolve complications (Head 2008: 2). Moreover, without facts, policymakers need to fall again on pure intuition, ideology, or perhaps conventional perception ” or, at best, theory alone (Banks 2009: 3). Therefore , the presence of knowledge and evidence will be needed to be considered in creating a calculated policy. This kind of essay can reflect on what knowledge and evidence used in the legislation of e-cigarette in Indonesia case and what could be improved from using comprehensive know-how and proof as a prominent tool that can shape better policy.
According to Indonesian Make up to Excise Number 39 (2007), the excise taxation is definitely imposed upon some selected goods with particular feature in which
A tobacco product is classified as one of picked goods that must be levied with excise responsibility and the extension of other designs of cigarette production, by simply technology improvement or industry preference is additionally included, including e-cigarette.
E-cigarette, the most frequent form of Digital Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS), are gadgets that do certainly not burn or use tobacco leaves yet instead vaporise a solution the consumer then inhales (WHO 2017). The process of which e-cigarette deemed need to be regulated in Dalam negri started from a historical approach of e-cigarette creation over a period of time. The study included the origin of e-cigarette creation to the extent of how the form transformed over time and the legislation position comparison generally in most countries (IndonesianDGCE 2017). Not left behind, the us government also regarded as about the chemical components contained in the product. From the research done by Indonesian Customs Laboratory in 2017, it can be viewed that ecigarette contains dangerous and toxical substances that can lead you suffer health condition. The research as well conducted comparison studies of which countries legalise, including the implementation of plan instruments, or prohibit the consumption of e-cigarette entirely.
In a single hand, the assumption is bringing any alternative to help reduce the tendency of any smoking behavior. On the other hand, the negatives play more function in considerations to restrict the consumption, such as the possibility of breaking non-smoking region policy or perhaps inviting fresh young smoker or even creating dual work with smoker. The voices of stakeholder can also be needed to be taken into account to get a wider picture. Consequently , there was a gathering held in 2017 in order to get professional actors’ points of views related to the upcoming coverage. As the effect, the ecig is subjected of 59% excise tax based on the government’s full sales price.
In conclusion, in order to style a policy instrument about ecig legislation in Indonesia, the federal government has already deemed knowledge and provided proof from multiple studies and backgrounds, by historical to comparative analyze, medical to ideological consideration, professional to stakeholder knowledge, and also control approach. Nevertheless , I personally think that there are still several shortfalls in designing this kind of policy.
First of all, the federal government still continues to be as the crucial actor in public policy process as the other political elites. In a more particular perception, there are three important sorts of knowledge that are specifically salient for policy which of them is political understanding with the purpose is the information, analysis and judgement of political acting professional which include a lot of vital components relevant to evidence-based policy ” such as taking into consideration and altering strategies or perhaps tactics, starting agenda-setting, deciding priorities, executing persuasion and advocacy, interacting key emails and ideological spin, etc (Head 08: 5).
This is the first thing I realize missing for this particular coverage, political know-how attribute. It could be seen in the case by which how government prioritise the end result they want to accomplish, whether collecting revenues or perhaps protecting world from dangerous goods, particularly tobacco product. If the target is to control the consumption of tobacco product, then simply why they will implement the utmost amount of excise tax on ecig while the responsibility for the more typical form of cigarette product continues to be lower. It could lead to a speculation whether government’s desire is to keep your smoking behavior or protect conventional cigarettes industry although disadvantaging the other one. Moreover, this contradicts with what they elevated in the study which is a belief that e-cigarette can help to change a smoking habit. It is known that the part of ENDS in reducing or exacerbating population-level morbidity and mortality coming from tobacco goods remains hotly contested (Meernik et ‘s. 2017). Therefore , the agenda-setting remains uncertain.
The next matter to note through this particular case is that even though the policymaker offers provided information related to ecig, there is a absent link I really believe in the suggested data which is the statistical analysis that correlates the text between the behavior of smoking conventional tobacco product and e-cigarette trend over a period of period. This bit of information may help further account on which alternatives the government should certainly choose from. Will the trend present significant elevating figure in ecigarette smoking behavior while showing a lowering trend in the older type of tobacco smoking habit so the conceivable proposition will be granting ecig consumption? Or will the graph show rising number in new smoker trend while the number of regular tobacco smoker keep increasing too so that it can lead to a conclusion form of dual employ smoker? If this sounds the case, the government probably may well think to increase both conventional and contemporary tobacco products’ excise tax or even suspend them entirely. This case can certainly be taken because an opportunity to analyze how scientific evidence can be used in the coverage making process although both goal and subjective forms of expertise are unclear or unavailable (Newman 2017: 2).
To conclude, the Indonesian government has imposed an instrument in term of excise duty on the liquid for e-cigarette based on several considerations via multiple knowledge and facts. However , there may be still discovered some insufficiencies due to not enough political judgement knowledge and sufficient clinical research. I think this is certainly an example of what Davies, P. (2004) stated that many exploration data are flawed by unclear aims, poor study design, methodological weakness, limited statistical revealing and analysis, selective usage of data, and conclusion that are not supported by info provided (Davies 2004: What I want to emphasis here is that policymaker might continue to need to provide further plus more sufficient data to their consideration and connect it to what objective they need to achieve. Crystal clear agenda-setting as part of political knowledge is needed and might lead to obvious information or data had to support that from research-based knowledge and result in powerful policy through imposing possible instrument that can bridge and accommodate almost all perspective included in the process.
