string(59) ‘ marks and geometrical framework should not be overlooked\. ‘
Typography in Publication Style Chinese Typography Study Training for cultural recognition and durability Choi Chihuahua Kit Knutson, Hong Kong Design Institute, Hk, [email, protected] edu. uk Monica Chiu, Hong Kong Style Institute, Hk, [email, protected]
edu. hk Sylvia To, Hk Design Company, Hong Kong, [email, protected] edu. hk Summary: This daily news aims to present the unique quality of Chinese letterforms , characters, and discuss each of our approach of teaching Chinese typography as a instrument of nurturing cultural understanding and durability.
Through specific research of traditional books, study the philosophy via past, take a look at the visual symbols and tangible artifacts in the adjacent at present-day to enable students’ to translate and convert the elements into experimental typographic styles for modern day communication. We all believed that is a good way for our long term creative talents to engage with traditional benefit and importance sustainability through typography style practice. Key phrases: cultural understanding, Chinese appearance, letterform admiration, iconic executive elements, pictogram, philosophy, cultural identity. Advantages Movable types have contributed a major method of communication since the invention of printing. Today, the existence of digital media provides drove typography design into a formulaic characteristics. For Chinese typography, the first human viewpoint contained in producing system enriched our life and heart and soul since is actually developed by ancestors and scholars. Nevertheless , the reliance of digital media made this distinctive viewpoint being ignored by many design students in Hong Kong.
As ancient time, human civilization reflected and recorded expérience towards their particular living environment by direct imitation to produce imagery or drawings, one example is cave art, monumental making and ancient written signs. However the immediate copying of objects and forms acquired its restriction when it came to abstract association of ideologies. During civilization expansion, languages were formulated and gradually migrated into two different fields: one going to the path replacing pictographs with phonetic system as a whole.
Pictographs were soon changed by alphabets, which the meaning of words were built by blends of different appear, later progressed into language program with substantial amount of words. One other different course was extendable from pictograph with phonetic component as well as the additional relationship from pictographs. The former was well implemented by western world to become roman alphabets although the latter was Chinese heroes for Oriental culture. AaBbCcDdEeFfGg???????? Chinese typography constituted a major way of conversation for books and culture sustain.
In contrast to roman alphabets, the meaning of Chinese personas comes with the exceptional combination of ancestor’s artifacts, actions, space and sounds in daily life. Even though the representation of Chinese letterforms improved according to human civilization, this unique technique of writing system (? Kanzi) still transfer in today’s Oriental characters seeing that oracle bone script recently been found. Horses? Herd? Inspite of the changes and amendment made along the climb and land of lignage, Chinese written language is actually retained while using same old artifacts and literature but still in applied today.
In a few sense, we are communicating with the ancestors.? Through this paper we discuss the type and attributes of Oriental writing system with the procedure of training aims to revitalize this cultural beliefs on modern day Chinese typography. 2 . Design Principles of Chinese Character 2 . one particular Traditional Oriental culture in modern style context China arts and crafts expansion reached it is peak as soon as Han Dynasty (206 B. C. , 8 A. D. ). Lots of files have been identified such as the Kaogong ji?? (1) that llustrated and stated rules and dimensions for architecture and decorative usually in the. These details was on the other hand more willing to the specialized aspects of structure and production rather than the design principles and thinking within a modern circumstance. Pages draw out from Kaogong ji?? The closest make an attempt to design theory and considering seems to be embedded in the greatest roots of Chinese tradition when the ancestors tried to create the primitive kind of communication, the Chinese letterforms. This can be find in the 6 categories of Oriental Characters, the ‘liushu? ‘. 2 . Technology of China characters Chinese language characters developed basically by pictographs that represent things, actions, events and noises since 5000BC. This is special from roman alphabets that the meaning of words comes from a combination of alphabets but not from one single abece. Every China character possesses its own meaning, or even more than one. Various types of character had been first categorized systematically in Han Empire, around 90 AD by Chinese sprachwissenschaftler Xu Shen?, whose etymological dictionary ‘Explaining Simple and Analyzing Compound Personas, Shuowen Jiezi,?? divides the script in to six groups, the ‘liushu’. 1 . Pictographs (?? xiangxingzi) 2 . Pictophonetic compounds (??, Xingshengzi) 3. Indicative Characters / Ideograph (??, zh shizi) some. Associative Characters / Logical aggregates (??, Huiyizi) a few. Associate Transformation (??, Zhu nzhuzi) 6. Borrowing (??, Ji jiezi) We have around over 60, 000 China characters. Although some strokes had been simplified or lost sometimes in the past, China characters will be basically is within its stable structure seeing that Qin Empire. (2)
The 6 categories of Chinese Character (‘liushu’) point out here is an extreme important knowledge for Chinese language for making the most of our communication possibility, to serve as guideline for new letterform creation in coherent reasoning, this can be talked about as related as traditional western design guidelines. 3. Oriental Typography Teaching Today, our company is constantly swamped by increased visual enjoyment and information. In the process of coding and decoding image message, if the origin of Chinese letterform can be well preserved, one can possibly reveal the purest form of visual conversation for our next generation. Communication depends on prevalent principles -assumptions and symbolism, purpose and values , but prevalent meanings can be established only by connection and agreement (Richard McKeon, 1998). three or more. 1 The consequence of traditional and modern China characters Even though the unique combination of symbolic marks still is out there in modern day Chinese letterform, a major problem is definitely modern fonts design completely focus very much upon modification of geometrical forms to easy structure to get the requires of digital media.
Hence, we see the top gap between combination of emblematic marks and cultural connotations obtained within just. In order to maintain the unique literate and social traditions, we feel the co-existing of symbolic marks and geometrical framework should not be overlooked.
Along with our four years coaching experience gone through with the application and interpretation of philosophical notion of Chinese calligraphy emerged with theoretical, aesthetic and contextual approaches. Time Space Social Artefacts? Literature Cultural People 3. 2 Cultural sustainability Chinese letterform composed of symbolic marks for linguistic and visual communication. It is a significant medium to connect Chinese culture and social ideologies. In this regard, we obtain Chinese typography as perfect channel to facilitate student’s creativity as well as literature and cultural knowledge.
Literature Review Experimental Workshops Design for cultural awareness and sustainability. 3. 3 Teaching and learning strategy Our training method consist two main stages: 3. 3. 1 Literature review It is our essential stage to buildup theoretical and methodological brought from ancient Chinese intellects, a practical based training leading students to translate and transform the Chinese calligraphy philosophy into new visual dimensions. 3. 3. 2 Experimental workshops Another approach to learn typography is to forget about typography.
By employing experimental graphic treatments, materials and imagery, we hope to further enhanced audience’s emotional and spiritual responds in reading. Through serious of experimental workshops, we facilitate students to explore and experiment new visual codes. Through our practice-based research project fused with theory and medium in all kinds, we established new aesthetic perspective and approach that manifests the fusion of cultural and functional qualities for contemporary Chinese typography design.
Eventually, increase the awareness of cultural sustainability. Literature review Experimental workshops Learning process Origin? Translate? Transform + Learning process Explore? Experiment To demonstrate the idea how we embrace literature and cultural knowledge as well as facilitating students’ Chinese typography creativity, our learning contents and work examples will be further discussed. Student’s examples will be show to demonstrate our academic achievements including the awarded projects in national competition. 3. Learning Contents 3. 4. 1 Fundamental Principles of Chinese Letterform Chinese calligraphy is an expression of innermost spirit of one’s well-being. Calligraphy appreciation enriches viewers experience through acknowledge of one’s expressive strokes, shapes and structure. In the past, painter and calligraphers has a common practice to developed skills begun by imitating works from great masters. The exercise shown here was intended to revisit, rethink and embrace the very fundamental principles of Chinese writing system.
By respecting the origin to establish new forms, and be free to give personality to that form. Exercise: Calligraphy in practice Knowledge: principles of writing order, 8 strokes theory, 34 grid systems, origin of Chinese calligraphy, personality, express, control. Technique: structure, strokes, form, shapes, and grid. Learning process: Origin 3. 4. 2 Letterform and Chinese Philosophy Chinese Yin-yang philosophy used to describe how polar opposites or seemingly contrary forces are interconnected and interdependent in the natural world, and how they give rise to each other in turn.
The Yin-yang concept is not opposing force, but complementary opposites that interact within a greater whole, as part of a dynamic system of equilibrium. Chinese typography consists of Yin-yang philosophy within. Elements of each letterform are in placed within a grid system of 34 different formats. Everything is organized in a right position of perfect balance. Yin-yan Examples of Chinese letterform??? Symmetrical Balance Asymmetrical balance Stability Visible , invisible Spacing Fullness and emptiness Balance and sense of space Balance and hierarchy
In this content, students were asked to learn historical knowledge of Chinese calligraphy and principles of Chinese letterform design. Through extensive exploration and experiments to develop, translate and transform the principles into modern typography design. The training is to nurture the appreciation of aesthetic quality of Chinese letterform. 3. 4. 3 Simplified type strokes and forms Although there are straight structure and format for standard characters, designers still have flexibility during actually implementation of Chinese characters (Junior school teachers may disagree with this).
Since Chinese characters are the graphic representation of what we see in real world, there is no absolute right or wrong composition of letterform. In fact the development of script has reflect this flexibility: pictographs >metal script>seal script >clerical script >regular screenplay, not to mention the drastic change from Traditional Chinese language to Simplified. Letter strokes and structure are continuously morphing and altering over time. Historically, it is just a visual game which artists play around with the forms and strokes for visual curiosity such as??,??,??. Today, these hrases are still being used in our common life such as paper minimize, red banners for blessing, embroidery, home furniture and structures for decoration, So , nearly every character has its meaning or possibly a story to tell. The following illustrations demonstrated just how Chinese character types can be examine as graphic forms with an deliberate to remove strokes and arise two or more varieties together to be new composition. Viewers happen to be amused by the tricks, and enjoy the process of studying and decoding the design. And that we believed that this can be a great appetizer for students to start off the feast of Chinese Typography.
For this content, students had been asked to try out with their very own Chinese brands by streamlining strokes and forms. They might find it confusing in the beginning but soon discover the fun of “being wrong. Strokes had been removed purposely but the rule is that the characters could still be read and become understood. The process includes reduce strokes? put weight? employ counter space? align grid? create design. The fresh exercises demonstrate below proven how pupils examine the equilibrium beliefs with strokes from Oriental name.
Through practicing the guidelines as first step, several methods were employed (Diagram 1-5). Next, learners were asked to come up with the ideal idiom or perhaps phase that can well share the quality of vision from earlier design, finally translate and transform the visual approach and regular letterform to new graphic structure (Diagram 6). Work out: Type framework Knowledge: composition, strokes, grid, form, designs, space, yin-yang philosophy. Technique: eliminate components, graphic treatment, Visible , invisible space, positive , negative relationship, counter space, form and deform, contortion, grouping, optical illusion,??? positive and negative space, fullness and emptiness, visible balance in strokes, counter-space, the simple interchangeable black and white represents Learning process: Origin >, Translate >, Transform three or more. 4. four Characteristics from materials China characters happen to be pictogram create with emblematic marks of artifacts for being the foundation of your culture, on the other hand people today tend to be ignore the splendor and testimonies behind. The beauty of such basic geometrical type revealed the culture, activities, space, sound or motion of lifestyle at the time.
Every letterform build within a grid contained a story, a significance or more. In the event Chinese characters are formerly invented by simply our antecedent, ascendant, ascendent, with a great instinct to become survive, so why can’t we create typography from disregarding everything regarding typography? Psychologists suggested that human being is capable of inside organizing and representing areas of his environment, and this manifestation or map is susceptible to continuous modify and version. Each time this cognitive map is changed or reinforced that can be believed to have ‘learned’. (Kerry L.
McGarry, 1981). Our following exercise needs students to measure the homes of various supplies and explore the possibility to develop Chinese character types which present message in both visible and language. Through the assignments, students were asked to hold repeat testing by manipulating materials. Our workshop for this particular theme consists of two stages: 1 . 2 . Simply by playing with physical materials to measure and explore the possible appearances or performance Notice to discover the individual physiological effect against the experimental work
Softness within solidity explores the physical property of bamboo stick?? Material?, surround?, sink into?, stand?, Rise?, transparent?, spin? The above performs demonstrated the process to have human physical reaction through materials. The collected details and experiments such as calcado elements or perhaps visual physical appearance will be changed and developed into typography that can convey a communication with physical response. Exercise: Play with elements Experiments: supplies, texture, items, etc .
Methods: flat putting, top-up, layering, reduce/destroy, increase or connect, transparent, represents or terrify, positive , negative space, lighting , shadow, 2D or 3D, physical , chemical reaction, interaction, alternation, and so forth Learning procedure: Explore >, Experiment three or more. 4. a few Artefacts This can be another trial and error workshop attemptedto challenge the functional aspect of letterforms. If Chinese character types concealed images of pluie for functional communication to get humane contemporary society, we doubted if this kind of communication still serve successfully? Would this be a conversation gap among ancient time and modern world?
Can this matter be fixed by rediscovering the elements consisted inside our present period? In this work out, students were asked to find their own letterform story through image capture. Students were asked for capturing the significant cultural pluie or physical environment, with all those elements located from existing place and time, a up to date letterform is definitely possibly developed. Exercise: Type finding Pursuit: cultural artifacts, icon, architecture, humanity, culture. Technique: picture taking, discover, declaration. Learning procedure: Explore >, Experiment 5. Type design and style inspired simply by ‘liushu’ some. 1 .
Pictographic Characters (?? xiangxingzi): Strokes and composition VS iconic elements and symbols Pictograph, also known as pictogram to delivers its that means through pictorial illustration of any physical target. The varieties of these Oriental characters could be linked and associated directly to the physical objects such as Horse, Fish, Sun and Moon (?? ). Since highly simplified graphic rendering of things, motion and stories, a scene of drama all frozen to a still shape, all these discussion, props, signals and designs are condensed into graphic strokes. The advantage of culture is usually locked into the visual requirements of each letterform.
When we believe Chinese characters are iced images of drama/stories, the ultimate way to unfreeze them is by placing them back to the physical/material world. There has not any necessity to create additional aesthetic elements if they happen to be already out there in the real world. Perhaps most we have to carry out is to re-discover them once again. In this work out, students had been asked to develop their typeface through captured image of famous structures and cultural artifacts of structure, temples, avenue scenes, Oriental restaurant, local tea shops, road symptoms, ritual materials, and any thing relates to our heritage and culture.
College students will then request to identify the patterns and pictures until the fundamental visual elements can be revealed. A new letterform will be created and created with all those elements that they found. Students were also motivate to study the pictorial origins and stories of China characters, try things out to decode all underlining meanings, like an archaeologist interpreting the prehistoric regarding life with unearthed fossils. (Left to Right) Lumination?, Hole?, Bamboo Scaffolding? Mild?: It represented the simplest type of light beam that created the strokes radiated through the center stage.
Hole?: There had simply no stroke in the word. The form was generated with layers of corrugated boards that created the interesting depth of a gap. Bamboo Scaffolding?: The student examined thoroughly the materials and structure that construct the initial characteristics from the bamboo scaffolding. All factors were decreased to their basic forms such as the bamboo sticks, tiding strings, broken bits, dirt and objects around the building web page. Viewers could associate the visual framework of the typeface with the circumstance of the style immediately. Left) visual components (Right) Forehead? Temple?: Students took a lot of photographs at an old temple to grasp the fine detail of the ancient architectural style of Chinese buildings such as censer, stone carving lion and pagodas that reflected not only the life style of ordinary people, nevertheless also their religious values. With these types of unique visible elements, college student was able to come up with the letterform of old fashioned, simplicity of rich textural quality typography. 4. two Indicative Personas / Ideograph (?? zh shizi) The indicative heroes are used to share things that are abstract in meaning. They may be purely fuzy symbols that indicate guidelines, or emblems will be included in pictographic personas to indicate abstract nature of matters. Illustrations are Chinese words indicating above, beneath, concave and convex. (?? ) From this content, pupils will have to try out different supplies with calcado properties, conditions and feelings to see how to be connected to represent the meaning of Chinese characters. In the great Chinese ainting, there is a well-known saying of “One will probably be enlightened in inner-self if perhaps one can study from the greater characteristics in your surrounding. (3) You should get rid of the pc table and go out to discover the origin and beauty of nature. (Left to Right) Trapped?, Diffuse?, Concave?, appear? 4. a few Pictophonetic ingredients (??, Xingshengzi): Another class of character is known as a pictophonetic mixture, which is to have one component to suggest the type or perhaps meaning of word, known as as significant, while the different component to reveal the pronunciation of the expression. (?? This kind of increases generally the possible combination of phrases, and nearly 90% of Chinese words and phrases used today are created because pictophonetic substances. This category can occasionally indicate the partnership between words and phrases with the same radical, and makes classification of characters very efficient. This is an interesting scholar’s experimental improve lyrics type of Chinese Internet explorer (Cantonese Opera). Traditional China music records is inlayed into the words of the tune characters. Music notes become the strokes from the letterform, plus the length and distance between characters reveal the rhythm of the song.
The design integrates the appears with the meaning of characters, and shows the aesthetics of classic Chinese calligraphy. 4. 4 Associative Characters / Logical aggregates (??, Huiyizi) Pictograph is a very effective medium of communication intended for indicating physical objects and visual supplies, but it possesses its own limitation the moment comes to fuzy concepts and ideologies. Rather than switching entirely phonetic program, our forefathers created adaptable manipulation from the formation of letterforms in order to enrich the complexity of Chinese and allow broad dimensions of conversation.
To express summary concepts, they will created the associative characters that put two or more pictographic personas together to explain an action, or something fuzy. (??? ) For example the persona “illuminate is a combination of two pictographs of sun and moon, which can be obviously the most important illuminating objects at that time. The smoothness ‘? ‘ is the pictographs of one gentleman after one other showing the meaning of comply with / simply by. (Left to Right) Collection?, Wrong?, Sun-drying of Clothes?? The students’ performs above demonstrate creativity of creating logical aggregates through objects and letterforms.
Stack?: by simply piling up a collection of corrugated panels, the form and appearance of the materials associate the image with the which means of the expression ‘stack’. Wrong?: The symmetric image of the character is created with a strong contrast of ‘black , white’ colour. This kind of also depicts the meaning of ‘right , wrong’ taken by the Oriental character. (?? ) Sunshine drying of garments??: The design records very common avenue scenery in Hong Kong in which people dry their laundry outside general public estates. The clothes make up the shape of Oriental characters.
Viewers can understand the meaning with the words actually they do not understand the Chinese words and phrases. 5. Pictogram with Oriental Aesthetics and Chinese Idea Traditional Chinese intellects improve one’s literate spirit through practicing calligraphy and art work. It is an appearance of innermost beauty of one’s integral soul of balanced lifestyle. Calligraphy enriches the intellectual ability of audiences through understanding of expressive quality of strokes, styles and composition that extends to acknowledgement of your respective well being.
Oriental painters put in their lifestyle to reveal their spirit and emotion through the use of ink, washes and impressionistic brushstrokes. Both equally components of black and white shared the same level of importance. Realistic look is never their aim, and often the unfavorable space is a message. Like landscape art work, masters received their surroundings freely with changeable points of views, and white colored space is used to recommend distance. “The nature is usually an business as ONE, after which separated in wind, rainwater and four periods. The brightness and darkness, high and low, end and far apart, the peak of imitation is between as well and contrary to. (Shi Tao, 1642″1718) (4) The surrealistic and impressionistic nature of Chinese arts provides a best laboratory intended for student’s exploration of Chinese typography. Below case shows just how Chinese calligraphy reflects China philosophy of yin-yang positive , unfavorable, fullness , emptiness to works together with one other significant art form carried coming from Chinese piece of art. Through the required process from studying literature and ideologies of the historic time, he attempted to remove and translate those morals and rules into image rules and visual concepts.
The work out offered college students a good chance to test widely if the guidelines and rules are adaptable and relevant. (Left) Typographic poster of any Chinese composition (Right) Classic Chinese Surroundings Painting It can be human instinct to find knowledge through the past pertaining to the requires of improvement. When we learn that iushu is the traditional ways of creating meaningful and comprehensive characters, we commence to think that could possibly be we can make use of similar rules to create fresh characters intended for things which in turn not are present in the past.
Or even we can take advantage of the constructional character of Oriental character to create new letterforms through imagination. For words and phrases or things with more than one particular meaning, or perhaps with uncertain meaning, they will lead to subjective interpretation. (Paul Rand, 1985) Nowadays youthful generation is so used to the ‘Martian language’ online the new language based upon traditional Chinese language. The principle of creating that language is definitely amazingly just like those produced from liushu. A good example is the borrowing of a long-term unused character? to get a helpless cosmetic expression.
Apparently, the basic principle of character creation created over long period of time is already embedded within our DNA and influence every single move we all make. In the last session, we will present each of our student’s efforts on typography design with their enthusiasm on cultural trend. The essential and efficiency intended for adapting typography principles into contemporary of representation were successfully demonstrated. Night Street: With highly developed and sophisticated transport network in Hong Kong, paved highways and roads were built to provide the needs of active local economic system 24 hours a day.
No other place would witness this unique dynamic transportation, busy bridges and highway night life on earth. Road lamps and vehicle signals mark the night time and become the energetic cerebral vascular accidents that uncover the scenic impression of your cosmopolitan town. (Left) Joss paper??. (Right) Awful Taoist incantation?? Joss paper??: Conventional paper offering is a frequent tradition in Hong Kong during funerals, celebrations and special occasions to ensure the well-being of the departed and antecedent, ascendant, ascendent,.
Joss paper, also known as ghosting money, a traditional handmade paper product, which can be decorated with seals, stamps, engraved styles or different motifs. The sort was created by the rich texture and top quality of the practice paper items with visual elements reaching original cerebral vascular accidents to happen this ethnic distinctiveness within a contemporary approach. Awful Taoist incantation??: The original meaning in the phrase means poor performs of calligraphy that is difficult to read and understand. The look employs the traditional symbol of incantation and combines that with new online languages used by youngster nowadays.
This is a good example displaying the potential of delivering new lifestyle to our tradition especially when we can say that we are showing the common dialect with our ancestors. (Left) Chinese Input Technique??? (Right) Rock’N roll resistant to the organizational program??? Chinese Input Method???: In modern digital world, in contrast to using both roman alphabets, Oriental have to type in characters based on a input methods (Cangjie, Pinyin, Jianyi) They are really dictated by keyboard file format and the image form of character types, both of that happen to be unrelated to the original which means of the character types.
This design challenges the idea by creating the letterforms with keyboard foncier, and the the desired info is semireadable, between alike and unlike. Rock’N roll up against the organizational system???: All Chinese language characters would be the results of numerous composition with 8 simple strokes. This provides the possibility to decompose and recompose the strokes to build new letterforms. This style decomposes the strokes from the words ‘organizational system’ and recomposed in ‘Rock , Roll’ in Chinese, in order to demonstrate the conflicts between the two pushes. (Left) Reductions in The child years?? Right) Fourth of June???? Suppression in Childhood??: The top rectangular shape in Chinese language character always conveys this is of trap, surround and block. The look employs this symbol as being a metaphor of suppression in childhood wherever all characters written by your child is ornamented and blacklisted, no matter they are really about study, games, gadgets, friends, examination, dreams, and the like. Fourth of June????: The structure makes great use of the characteristic of Chinese characters that the mixture of strokes is fairly flexible and frequently could be quite ambiguous.
The words of ‘Six’ and ‘Four’ are combined with ‘Patriotism’ and ‘Riot’ intentionally to post a question “Is 4th of Summer an patriotic action or a riot? 6. Summary If we see typography like a powerful application of visible communication, the initial visual quality of Chinese typography could definitely allow the creative imagination of designers, and enrich the expansive value of text. Typography can perform a lot more than just providing a secure and clear and consise platform pertaining to message delivery.
By creative manipulation of Chinese figure, viewers may firstly go through the visuals at textual material, and then look through the images to discover the fundamental concepts stuck inside with the clever relationship with tradition and info. It can prepare readers simply by setting the proper context and atmosphere, and enhance the that means and effect of communication. We have explained our full approach for Chinese typography training. Each of our philosophy of Chinese typography training have been proven effective to facilitate traditions concept and necessary data in typography design. Picture and textual content are the two major lements in visual communication. Intended for Chinese typography, letterform composes both components in an enterprise. With this excellent communication quality, Chinese typography is a perfect medium to bridge the traditional Chinese cultural for the modern world of communication. Even though it is no easy task to get young era to understand the ability in full, with this enthusiastic to embrace history and creative imagination into China typography, pupils gradually develop and increase themselves by aesthetic gratitude and eventually support the social identity for Hong Kong. Footnotes: 1 . Kaogong ji?? sometimes translated since Book of Diverse Crafts, is a typical work on science and technology in Historical China, put together towards the end of the Planting season and Slide Period. installment payments on your Being pictographs, the graphic forms of characters are good pertaining to story informing and viewers can “guess the meaning of words by simply looking into the graphic forms. However Simple Chinese Style drastically lowered total number of characters by simply combining words of comparable pronunciation, and simplified the letterform by removing strokes, but the personas lost the caliber of storytelling because they are not for a longer time pictographs..??,?? (?? ) some.???,???????,???? (???, 1642″1718) References Richard McKeon (1998) Selected Writings of Richard McKeon, Volume. 1, Idea, Science and Culture. McKeon, Zahava E., and Bill G. Swenson, eds. College or university of Chicago, il Press. Kerry J. McGarry, (1981) The Changing Framework of Information: An Introductory Examination. Clive Bingley. Paul Rand (1985) A Designer’s Fine art, Yale University or college Press.
