Excerpt by Case Study:
Interview No . 3 – “Bill” (age 54 years):
The interview with Bill occurred immediately following the conclusion of the interview with Anne who kept the dining area after getting thanked on her participation and the refreshments. Invoice is a semi-retired disabled expert of the U. S. Usaf with Vietnam-era service; he continues to operate part-time as a pizza delivery driver. As the couple’s control of a distributed computer with high-speed Internet access had been founded in the interview with Anne, this interview skipped these questions and went right to an interrogatory concerning what Bill employed the computer for many of the time. Costs replied that, “I like to play chess sometimes, and I’ve been a major fan of all of the Tiger Woods golfing games upon CD intended for the computer. ” As to mingling on the computer, Invoice said this kind of feature was available in his chess area, but this individual avoided this since it “was just children bad-mouthing one another and Now i’m there to experience chess. inch
When asked if he used his computer for analysis or other learning functions, Bill said, “Sure, at all times. Whenever we see something in the news that we have a question about, all of us just seem it up. it’s great. ” Bill also reiterated his wife’s responses concerning the couple’s use of their very own previous personal computers to help all their young child learn, but Bill likewise emphasized that, “I taught Mary the right way to read when she was just 3 years old with a copy of Green Eggs and Ham. Kids love repetition and even though I think Mary was only kind of not having it initially, she could read the whole book after a few weeks and she has not stopped seeing that. ” Invoice also said he attempted to encourage Mary to use her computer to get research and learning, nevertheless complained, “She’s on that damn Gaia website on a regular basis and the lady keeps asking me for cash to buy things to use in there. Just the other day I put in more than $40 on gunk that can just be used in that website, and it’s really just a approach to grab kids and the parents away. “
When he was asked what he thought pcs would appear like in 12 or two decades, Bill was quick to respond. He replied, “There won’t be any pcs in twenty years, probably earlier than that. Personal computers are already all over the place, ” this individual said, “and they keep making them smaller and pretty soon they’re just likely to disappear totally. ” When he was asked if this individual planned on using his computer to aid him with any research or learning activity down the road, Bill explained, “Absolutely. We might not know very well what computers may be like years by now, but I sure depend on mine now. inch
Like his wife, Invoice became somewhat agitated with the questions regarding whether this individual thought there ought to be computers in every single public college classroom. Invoice agreed that most students must have access to computer systems in their class room, but pointed out that his very own daughter did not have computer systems in all with their classrooms, and those they did possess were quickly becoming out of date. Also like his wife, Invoice was not happy with the suggestion that the govt might supply computers and Internet access to economically deprived students to help them remain scholastically competitive, and said, “We can’t get yourself a school coupon program in the us and it’s difficult to keep Martha in a exclusive school. She has a high quality student, even though, and we determine she justifies whatever we can afford. inch
Finally, when he was asked what he considered to be the main thing that computers have done for individuals, Bill explained, “It’s the age of information, and we owe that to computer systems. Just think of all of the things that we take for granted given that rely on pcs. Shoot, they even took us towards the moon and this was using 1960s technology. Just think of what we will be able to do a number of years from today. I always desired to be a great astronaut when I was growing up and others guys had been my heroes. My grandchildren will probably be capable to vacation on the moon and colonize Roter planet (umgangssprachlich) thanks to computer systems. “
Component Two: Debate number of analysts have offered various frameworks in which a person’s course through life could possibly be better recognized. Paramount among these, of course , were Erikson and Piaget. According to Austrian (2002), “Erikson seen development while resulting from a mix of biological, ethnical, social, and psychological elements, merging in the ego. This individual postulated that at each diverse stage there is also a psychosocial ‘crisis’ that, when ever resolved, boosts ego mastery. At the end of each and every stage, Erikson felt a new mental “virtue” (strength) is acquired. Each successive stage using its accompanying turmoil is related to the essential demands of society; therefore, the life cycle and society’s institutions evolve together” (p. 46).
Erikson’s first five developmental phases were extension cables of Freud’s psychosexual phases, and Erikson originally postulated a total of eight sequential stages involving ego crises, states of disequilibrium, and accompanying important tasks, which will enhanced proficiency and led healthy life span development (Austrian, 2000). Throughout the later part of his existence, Erikson propounded yet another level, the 9th, that concerned a sense of their own honesty vs . A feeling of defeat or perhaps despair about one’s your life as physical deterioration occurs (Austrian, 2000). Each developing stage anytime, Erikson preserved, has both equally positive and negative elements which are designed into the person’s identity; moreover, each stage must be successfully completed prior to an individual can move on to the next level. The successful resolution in the specific downturn of each developmental level, Erikson felt, enhanced the person’s sense of self and ego personality (Austrian, 2000).
All of this developing progress, Erikson maintained, was naturally directed at maturation and private growth. Relating to Hannush (2006), “In the large Eriksonian life-span plan, the substance of developmental movement for all adults is outward, forward, and upwards toward a conscious, ethical matter for others and a further sense of spiritual do it yourself. Erikson taken care of that the nurturing, generative person was the developing pinnacle for every single adult” (p. 115). Moreover, Erikson thought that there was a “one-size-fits-all” goal where all reason people ought to aspire: “The fully produced adult is usually, of necessity, a generative, integrated, and ethical mature, the endpoint to which most of us ought to aim” (quoted in Hannush, 2006 at p. 115).
Likewise, Piaget maintained that as an individual matures, new set ups must be created that develop the old, thereby enhancing interaction with the environment (Austrian, 2000). According for this author, “Intellectual development, Piaget’s main fascination, happens within a series of periods that require different types of interaction with the environment and so different psychological structures” (Austrian, 2000, l. 52).
The interviewees dropped into the following development stages as explained by Erikson:
Mary’s associated with 12-1/2 years places her in Erikson’s Adolescence (12 to 18 Years), with the Ego Development Final result being Id vs . Function Confusion level where the individual’s basic strong points are Loyalty and Fidelity (Harder, 2002).
Anne’s associated with 35 years areas her in Erikson’s Youthful Adulthood level (18 to 35 years), with the Ego Development Outcome being Intimacy and Solidarity vs . Seclusion and the simple strengths of Affiliation and Love (Harder, 2002).
Finally, Bill’s age of 54 years places him squarely in Erikson’s Middle Adulthood level (35 to 55 years), with the Spirit Development End result being Generativity vs . Home absorption or perhaps Stagnation plus the Basic Advantages of Development and Care (Harder, 2002).
While the interviewees fit nicely into these developmental groups according to Erikson, there were some anomalies noted that have been worthy of notice. For instance, Mary’s age areas her around the cusp in the previous developmental level in accordance to Erikson, but notwithstanding her seeming shyness and reservations within the telephone, Mary’s intellect almost certainly places her far above this category with this developmental aspect at any rate. Also, Erikson would suggest that Invoice had some distinct challenges ahead of him as he endeavors to achieve the next developmental level, particularly looking at his current employment position and inability to secure more gainful career in pursuit of a conventional career. By contrast, Anne seems to fit perfectly within the developmental category designated by Erikson across the board.
All of the interviewees reported they employed their computers for pastime and learning activities, nevertheless the two female subjects indicated they also employed their pcs for mingling, with Mary being the most active regarding this. All of the interviewees also mentioned they meant to use their particular computers for anyone purposes in the foreseeable future, but they disagreed as to what pcs might appear like in the a long time and the actual most important contribution computers got made to individuals, with the oldest subject keeping in mind exciting early on applications of computer systems and the most youthful subject focusing their current ability
