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Aim of the Analyze ¢Identify the serials businesses performed with ICT establishments in southern Nigerian national university libraries, ¢Determine the serials open public services performed with ICT, ¢Find the actual ICT features used for these kinds of serials operations, ¢Ascertain if the use of ICT facilities in serials device of the your local library is a determinant to their employ for serials operations. Exploration Questions ¢What serials operations are performed with ICT facilities in southern Nigeria Federal college or university libraries? Through which serials public services would be the use of ICT employed in Nigerian federal college or university libraries? ¢What ICT establishments are used for these serials businesses? ¢Does the use of ICT center in serials units with the libraries underneath study decide its employ for serials operations? Relevance of the Analyze The result of this kind of survey will help academic libraries which do not apply ICT services for serials functions identify areas of serials operation in which ICT can be utilised, and the ICT they can use. With this they can strategize on their work with.

For your local library using ICT facilities intended for various functions, they will be acquainted with other areas ICT can be employed in serials procedure and the corporations applying this kind of. Donor firms will also be aware of the state of ICT facilities program in Nigerian university serials operation and decide on the areas to assist such institutions. Data Collection The work covered each of the federal school libraries in the three in the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria specifically South-East (SE), South-West (SW) and South “South (SS). The three zones comprise seventeen states with 13 national universities.

The different zones and their inclusive universities are: South East(SE): School of Nigeria, Nsukka, (UNN), Federal University of Technology Owerri(FUTO), Nnamdi Azikiwe University or college Awka (NAU), Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike(MOUAU), South-South(SS): University of Calabar(UNICAL), University of Port Harcourt(UNIPORT), University of Uyo(UNIUYO), and South West(SW): University of Ibadan(UI), Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife(OAU), University of Lagos(UNILAG), University of Benin(UNIBEN), Government University of Technology Akure(FUTA), and College or university of Cultivation, Abeokuta (UNAAB).

Questionnaire and observation directory were utilized to gather details and opinion of serials staff from 11 from the 13 federal universities your local library. No trials were obtained from FUTA and NAU because they had not any well developed serials unit in the time this research. Purposive sampling technique utilized to select 55 from the 107 serials staff in the educational institutions under study consisting of five (5) serials staff every single including the Serials Librarian and any other 4 (4) staff which are accountable for acquisition, control, user companies and upkeep in the serials units.

Home developed customer survey instrument made up of 5 products were given away to the sixty-five staff. Things 1 to 3 of the customer survey were designed along dichotomous checklist when items some and five were measured on 4 Point Likert-like scales. The observation register made up of three (3) observable items originated to enable the researcher watch serials capabilities and ICT facilities used in the serials unit of the studied universities. Answers to the research questions were provided for using dining tables, percentages, means and graphs. A midpoint mean rating of 2. this provides the average individuals scores was accepted to get items developed on 4 Point Likert”like scales. A 50 percent great response was accepted intended for items reviewed with frequency and percentages. Results The result of the evaluation are provided to indicate the targets of the research which include Figuring out the serials operations and public services performed with ICT establishments in the colleges, identifying the ICT services used in the serials models and ascertain if the use of ICT in serials devices determines their use for serials functions.

Serials Procedures Performed with ICT The study ascertained through observation in the Serials units of the studied universities capabilities performed with ICT services. The result of the Observation checklist is shown in Table 1 . It shows that all serials functions in OAU are performed with ICT facilities, UNAAB and AJE have 75 percent of their serials features performed with ICT. Half of the functions (50 percent) are performed with ICT in UNILAG, UNIBEN, UNICAL, MOUAU and FUTO.

UNIUYO and UNN perform only digesting and community services serials functions with ICT correspondingly while probably none of the capabilities is performed with ICT in UNIPORT. Taking into consideration the 50 percent counter mark pertaining to acceptability, simply UNIUYO, UNIPORT and UNN do not perform serials capabilities with ICT. Other your local library do. Desk 1: Remark Checklist around the Various Serials Functions Performed with ICT facilities S/NUniversitiesSerials FunctionsTotalpercent AcquisitionProcessingPublic servicesPreservation 1FUTO00xx250 2MOUAU00xx250 3UNN00x0125 4UNIUYO0x00125 5UNICALxx00250 6UNIPORT 000000 UNIBEN00xx250 8UNILAGx0x0250 9UIx0xx375 10OAUxxxx4100 11UNAAB0xxx375 12Total448621 13percent36. 3636. 3672. 7254. 55 TAKE NOTE: x=ICT utilized, 0= ICT not applied The Desk also demonstrates 54. 55 percent and 72. 72 percent with the libraries conduct serials preservation and open public services functions with ICT facilities respectively. A thirty-six. 36 percent of the libraries perform acquisition and control functions with ICT services. Hence serials public services and preservations are the key serials capabilities performed with ICT in the libraries analyzed considering the 50 % bench draw.

Serials Open public Services Performed with ICT Again, an observation was performed to identify serials public providers performed with ICT facilities. The observation checklist is presented in Table installment payments on your The Table shows that UNAAB and MOUAU provide eighty-five. 71 percent of their serials public solutions with ICT facilities. URINARY INCONTINENCE had 71. 43 percent of the services provided with ICT. A 57. 14 percent of these kinds of services were provided with ICT at UNILAG, UNICAL and FUTO. Other folks including UNIUYO (14. twenty nine percent), UNIBEN (28. 57 percent) experienced low utilization of ICT for serials community services features.

None of the solutions listed was provided with ICT at UNIPORT. The percentage of university your local library using ICT facilities intended for the various serials public companies is as displayed in the Desk reveals that 81. 82 percent and 73. 73 percent from the studied your local library used ICT facilities to access serials and article games respectively. ICT facilities had been used to gain access to abstract, index and the collection of serials titles by 54. fifty-five percent and 45. forty-five percent from the libraries correspondingly. Probably none from the libraries applied ICT to get into physical serials while thirty six. 5 percent utilized ICT to retrieve full text of serials. Using a 50 percent standard the result implied that those ICT facilities are used for access to fuzy, serials and article headings in the colleges studied. Table 2: Statement Checklist around the Various Serials Public services performed with ICT Establishments S/NUniversitiesSerials Open public ServicesTotalpercent Usage of abstractsAccess to IndexesAccess to Serials titleAccess to article titlesLocation of physical serialsRetrieval of Serials titlesRetrieval of full text Serials 1FUTOxxxx000457. 14 MOUAUxxxx0xx685. 75 3UNN000000000 4UNIUYO00x0000114. twenty nine 5UNICAL00xx0xx457. 18 6UNIPORT 000000000 7UNIBEN00xx000228. 57 8UNILAGx0xx00x457. 13 9UIxxxx0x0571. 43 10OAUxxxx0x0571. 43 11UNAABxxxx0xx685. 75 12Total659805437 13percent54. 5545. 4581. 8273. 73045. 4536. thirty-six NOTE: x=ICT used, 0= ICT certainly not used ICT Facilities Employed for Serials Procedure in Serials Unit Solution to the research issue on the ICT used for serials operations was found by the Researcher’s declaration of the use made of ICT facilities in serials units of the various university your local library.

The result of the observation is definitely presented in Table 3. The Stand shows that only 50 percent of the listed ICT facilities were used in the serials units of UNAAB and UI. UNIBEN, MOUAU and UNILAG employed 42. eighty six percent and 35. 71 percent of the facilities correspondingly. UNICAL and UNIUYO employed 28. 57 percent and 14. 29 percent correspondingly while UNIPORT, UNN and OAU each used several. 14 percent of the ICT facilities within their serials devices. None of them from the facilities was used at the time of this kind of study in FUTO Serials unit. Desk 3: Statement Checklist around the Various ICT Facilities Utilization in Serial Device.

S /NUniversitiesICT FACILITIESTotalpercent PCCPSFaxCD-RCDWCDCDELANWIntOP 1FUTO0000000000000000 2MOUAUxxx00x00x00000535. 71 3UNN0x00000000000010 4UNIUYOxx000000000000214. 29 5UNICALxXx00000x00000428. 57 6UNIPORT 0x00000000000017. 14 7UNIBENxx000x0x00x00x642. 86 8UNILAGxx0xxx00000000535. 75 9UIxx000x00x0x0xx750. 00 10OAU0x00000000000017. 14 11UNAABx x00xx000x0xx750. 00 12Total7831151130302338 NOTE: PC= Computers, C= Photo copier, P= Computer printer, S= Scanning device, CD-R = CD-ROM, CDW= CD “Writer, D= Diskette, E= E- Mail, LAN=Local Area Network, Int= Net, OP= OPAC.

X= ICT Used, zero = ICT Not Used. Considering the percentage of the colleges using each one of the ICT establishments, the result implies that majority of the university libraries (72. 73 percent) utilized photocopier because of its serials functions. This was followed by 63. sixty four percent and 45. forty-five percent which usually used pcs and CD-ROM respectively. Ink jet printers, diskettes, LOCAL AREA NETWORK and OPAC were each used by (27. 27 percent). The Internet (18. 18 percent), and scanning device, fax equipment, CD writer and COMPACT DISC changer (9. 09 percent) had really low use in the serials devices studied.

None of the libraries was using E-Mail and WAN facilities inside the serials product for serials functions. Considering the 50 percent Table mark, simply personal computers and photocopiers had been the ICT facilities being used by the Serials units of the studied educational institutions libraries? ICT Facilities Employed in Serials Unit as a Determinant of Their Use pertaining to Serials Functions A cross-tabulation of the result was made showing the percentage serials functions, serials public solutions and ICT facilities found in various serials units individuals universities.

The result is presented in Table some. It demonstrates that although OAU had all its serials functions (100 percent) performed with ICT facilities and 71. 43 percent of its serials public solutions performed with ICT, completely very low use of ICT facilities (7. 18 percent) in the Serials device. FUTO which will also had 50 percent and 57. 18 percent of its serials functions and serials public services performed with ICT respectively acquired no single ICT facilities in its serials device. There was likewise low indication of ICT facilities use in the Serials units of UNILAG (35. 71 percent), MOUAU (35. 1 percent) and UNICAL (28, 57 percent) inspite of their common use intended for serials capabilities and serials public solutions. UNN and UNIPORT even though do not perform serials features or community services with ICT had indication of ICT facilities in its serials unit (7. 14 percent). UNIUYO experienced low ICT facilities utilization in the Serials unit and low employ for functions and serials public solutions. The result intended that the dramón functions and serials open public services inside the Serials units performed with ICT sometimes were not dependant on the ICT facilities obtainable in the Serials units of the respective university libraries.

Stand 4: Get across Tabulation of percent Serials Functions, Serials Public Companies performed with ICT and ICT services Used in Serials Units of Southern Nigerian Federal University Libraries S/NUniversitiesPercent Serials Features With ICTPercent Serials Public Services with ICTPercent ICT Facilities Used in Serials Device 1FUTO5057. 150 2MOUAU5085. 7135. 71 3UNN000 4UNIUYO2514. 2914. 29 5UNICAL5057. 1428. 57 6UNIPORT 007. 14 7UNIBEN5028. 5742. 86 8UNILAG5057. 1435. 71 9UI7571. 4350. 00 10OAU10071. 437. 14 11UNAAB7585. 7150. 00 Discussion of Conclusions

From the results, it is obvious that there is a general low utilization of ICT facilities for serials functions besides in the areas of serials public services and preservation (Table 1). This really is related to the findings of Siddique (1997) in his operate Saudi Arabia, wherever only a pair of seven your local library studied used ICT in serials control. The low utilization of ICT facilities for purchase and processing may be attributed to the non-availability of serials software that will enable the use of ICT for the very complex acquisition and processing activities involved in serials functions.

Evidence for this could be found in the works of Anunobi and Benard (2007) where most of the libraries analyzed do not have catalogue software and the ones with these kinds of were however to trigger their serials module. Nevertheless , that several libraries just like OAU conduct all its serials features with ICT and others like UNN and UNIPORT are certainly not performing any one of its features with ICT shows that there is a great disparity among these types of libraries with regards to the application of ICT facilities pertaining to serials capabilities especially among the geopolitical areas.

The disparity could be related to the personality of these libraries to the key hindrances to ICT program in serials functions. This is also related to the findings of Islam and Islam (2007) that there is disparity in the use of computers and its accessories in library solutions in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the increased make use of ICT facilities for serials public services reflected in several of these your local library (Table 2), for serials and articles titles access buttresses the fact that these college or university libraries happen to be providing serials public companies with ICT facilities.

In addition, it implies that many of them have their computerized serials coalition being séjour in computers or that they possess the Union List of Serials on CD-ROM which users can access. This is of the same standing with all the findings of Tseng ainsi que al (1990) who mentioned in his research that 55 percent of the libraries analyzed have their serials holdings automated. There is also the possibility that some key abstracts just like Chemical, Biological, LISA, and AJOL abstracts may be obtainable in these libraries on CD-Rom or On-line.

Where the particular abstract can be bought, or there exists absence of digital library, total text collection may not be feasible, hence the lower university manifestation on collection of full text serials. The responses on ICT facilities utilization in serials businesses still concurs with that the libraries studied make use of little or no ICT facilities in serials capabilities. This verification was based on the under bench tag for all the features outside pcs and photocopiers (Table 3). The close to 50 percent average score pertaining to CD-ROM implies that its use for serials function is now prominent.

This kind of is expected since a few libraries like MOUAU and UNAAB have the Essential Electronic Agricultural Collection (TEEAL) therefore are featuring access to serials and document titles applying CD-ROM features. Again, since the use of Internet and OPAC has low response, you will find the tendency the serials public services and preservation functions are provided with CD-ROM during these libraries. The utilization of scanner and fax machine by only one library shows that the analyzed libraries had been yet to digitize their particular serials. Moreover they could be turning to new technology i actually. e. he Internet instead of fax. The knowledge presented around the cross-tabulation of percentage serials functions, serials public companies and ICT facilities utilized in serials features (Table 4) has made series of suggestions. Even though some of the School libraries performed serials capabilities and community services with ICT establishments, they had minimum ICT services in their serials units. This can be similar to the getting of Anunobi and Nwakwuo (2008 ) where most of the university or college libraries in Eastern Nigeria have not appreciated the use of ICT for its functions serials specially.

This could signify such capabilities and services were performed in other units or a designated unit away from serials models. Observation demonstrated that in most of these libraries that supplied serials capabilities and open public services with ICT services but with minimum ICT establishments in their serials units have distinct ICT, IT, Systems or Laptop centres that all these features were performed. The inference of these studies is that the make use of ICT establishments for serials functions is usually gradually disintegrating the compartmentalisation of serials units and also other units with the university selection.

Hence most likely in not too long a time, serials functions and public companies with the putting on ICT facilities could be performed from devices outside the serials unit in many of the your local library in the southern part of Nigeria. The lower positive response on the putting on the Internet demonstrates that the analyzed libraries weren’t utilizing the free digital serials available on the net to augment the limited serials subscription manufactured by some of these your local library. These libraries also refuse users the ability of using some fee-based serials that are offered freely to developing countries like Nigeria.

Such serials include Access to Global On the net Research in Agriculture (AGORA), Health Worldwide Network Entry to Research Initiative (HINARI), On-line Access to Analysis in the Environment (OARE), EBSCOhost, Commonwealth School Documents On the net (CUDOS), CAB Abstract etc . If the scenario is not really changed, serials users can bypass the library to get alternative information providers, hence confirming the conception of Morino (1998) that in the event libraries will not rise up for the challenges in the technological alterations, they will by no means again control of information. Overview and Bottom line

The following rebates and definitive evidences are produced from the results of this research: ¢Serials capabilities in the The southern part of Nigeria government university libraries are still predominately manually performed with ICT application becoming more visible in the community services and preservation features. ¢Public solutions activities involving the use of ICT facilities are mostly access to and retrieval of serials and articles game titles. ¢Though a number of the libraries work with Internet, LOCAL AREA NETWORK and OPAC, photocopiers, pc, and CD-ROM are the most frequently used ICT features in the serials unit. The reduced availability and use of ICT facilities in serials products of the university libraries can be not a determinant of its use intended for serials operations. Hence various serials operations are performed with ICT facilities away from serials devices. It is recommended that college or university libraries should take a firm decision whether to equip serials unit with ICT services and affect all serials operations inside the unit and have a systems unit wherever ICT related operations happen to be carried out which include serials. College or university libraries also need to solicit aid from donor companies in the area of ICT hardware and software for serials features References

Agbaje, A. A. (2002). Superb expectations: Serials management and information technology. In Madu E. C., , Dirisu, Meters. B. (Eds. ). Information science and technology to get library educational institutions in The african continent (pp. 25-36). Ibadan: EVI-Coleman. Aina, D. O. (2003). Strengthening information provision in Nigerian school libraries: The digital alternative. Paper offered at the 41st Annual Countrywide Conference , AGM in the Nigerian Library Association in Tarker Groundwork, Markurdi, 7-12 September. Aina, L. To. (2004). Dealing with the difficulties of collection and details delivery companies: The need for institutionalized professional advancement.

Nigerian Library Association Seminar Proceedings, p. 4 Ajayi G. To. (2005). E-government in Nigeria’s e-strategy. Paper presented by 5th Annual African Calculating and Telecoms Submit, Abuja, Nigeria. Akinyotu, A. (1977). Library automation: A state in the art review. Paper shown at the workshop on collection automation in Nigeria kept at the Seminar centre, University of Ibadan 6-10 03. Ani, O. E., Esin, J. At the., , Edem, N. (2005). Adoption of information and Interaction Technology (ICT) in academics libraries: A technique for collection networking in Nigeria.

The Electronic Catalogue 23 (6): 701-708. Anunobi, C., , Benard, We. (2007). Availability and make use of ICT assets in Imo State academic library solutions. Coal Metropolis Libraries 5, 6: 34-41. Anunobi, C. V., , Nwakwuo, U. (2008). Your ICT in southeastern Nigeria. Samaru Log of Information research 8 (1): 35-43 Alabi, G. A. (1993). Information technology: Whither Nigerian libraries and documentation companies. Leading Your local library , Data Centres 1 (2): 27-35. American Collection Association (1983). The ALA glossary of library and information research. Chicago: ALA. Ballentyne P. (2003).

Information management styles. INASP Newsletter 23: 5-6. Chesenga, J. (2004). ICT in your local library: An overview and general introduction to ICT in libraries in Africa. INASP ICT Workshop, Kopanong Motel , Seminar centre, Johannesburg S. Africa 21st -23rd July. ( www. INASP. info/ISP/ICT-workshop2004 ) Islam, T., , Islam, N. (2007). Use of ICT in libraries: An scientific study of selected your local library in Bangladesh. Library Beliefs and Practice. Available: http://unllib. unl. edu/LPP/shariful. htm Mullis, A. (1992). Serials. In. Michael, S. (Ed. ), nonstandard collection management (pp. 3-115). Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Oketunji, I actually. (2001). Pc application to libraries. Daily news presented at the 39th Twelve-monthly National Convention and AGM of the Nigerian Library Connection at the Imo Concord Hotel Owerri, Summer 17-22. Oketunji, I. (2001). Libraries as well as the Internet on-line: What benefits? In Lasis J., Odunsanya, O. E., Sonaike, T. E. A., , Osinulu L. N. (Eds. ), Automation of cataloguing techniques in Nigerian libraries (pp. 32-40), Ijebu-Ode: Nigerian Collection Association, Cataloguing, Classification and Indexing Section. Oni, Farreneheit. A. (2004).

Enhancing the performance of library functions through ideal IT. In Madu E. C. (Ed. ), Technology for information administration , solutions: Modern your local library , information centers in developing countries (pp. 95-109). Ibadan: Evi-Coleman. Siddiqui, M. A. (1997). The use of information technology in academics libraries in Saudi Arabia. Log of Librarianship and Information Science 29 (4): 195-203. Szilvassy, L. (Ed. ) (1996). Basic serials management handbook. IFLA Publications seventy seven. Munchen: K. G. Saur. Tseng, S i9000. C., Arcand, J. C., Brugger, T. M, Finn, M, Olson, A. J., , Somers, S. (1990).

Serials specifications work: Another frontier. Catalogue Resources , Technical Providers 34 (2): 139-157. Womboh, B. S i9000. H., , Abba, Capital t. (2008). Your information and communication technology (ICT) in Nigerian school libraries: The expertise of Ibrahim Babangida Library, Government University of Technology, Yola. Library Philosophy and Practice. Available: http://unllib. unl. edu/LPP/womboh. htm? Description and view From the content above, we know that there is a basic low use of ICT facilities for serials functions apart from in the aspects of serials general public services and preservation (table 1) in libraries.

Serials functions inside the Southern Nigeria federal college or university libraries remain predominately personally performed with ICT program being more prominent in the public services and upkeep functions. This is because in Nigeria, many of the your local library studied don’t have library application due to the pricey price of the software. Yet , it is shown that 55% of the libraries provide an automated program regarding the serials storage system. It also means that many of them get their automated serials holdings becoming domicile in personal computers or perhaps that they offer the List of Serials on CD-ROM which users can gain access to.

Furthermore, the application of Internet features low response, so you will find the tendency which the users are offered with CD-ROM in these your local library. This means that the application of CD-ROM much more dominant than internet in Nigeria. The reduced positive response on the application of the Internet in libraries demonstrates that the examined libraries were not utilizing the free electric serials available on the net to replace the limited serials subscription created by some of these libraries. This maybe because of the not skilled people in Nigeria. In my opinion, the libraries in Nigeria ought to optimize the use of ICT.

This is done by having seminars about how to use the world wide web (how to search for information, down load, save data, etc). However the libraries have already been changing a great deal that it transformed from paperwork-based into ICT-based system. Nevertheless a few of the libraries use Internet, photocopiers, laptop or computer, and CD-ROM are the most commonly used ICT facilities in the serials unit. The reason is , the Nigerian people can’t say for sure the technology of internet yet and they are nonetheless a expanding country.? Effect to contemporary society: It is clear that by utilizing ICT in libraries, you will see some influence to the world.

For example it is going to change the means of borrowing ebooks, the way of holding data of shoppers, etc that will be discussed under. Advantages: 1 . It will be faster to store details of customers. By making use of ICT, the storing consumers’ data will probably be faster because it only requirements us to type which is significanly more quickly rather than to write 2 . The data that is stored will also be more secure by using ICT. When the data is stored using computer system, the risk of data loss will be very low compared to when you use written varieties of customers’ data. This is explained because the risk of losing paperwork is a lot more when compared to risk in computer.. It will be easier to modify as well as change the info stored. When you use computer, we can modify data very easily. This will help to the librarians greatly and so their job will be much simpler too. They don’t need to re-write all the buyers information once again like if they are really using paperwork. 4. The process of borrowing catalogs will be faster and in a powerful way. By using ICT, we can just scan the publication barcode each time a customer planned to borrow a certain book. This will be quicker since they only have to scan (ofcourse not to write the description of the book). a few. We can find out when a particular customer have not return the books that they can borrowed.

This will reduce the risk of losing books in the library and in addition will help buyer to be self-discipline to return the books that they can borrowed promptly. When using the outdated type of storing data, the librarians will be lazy to check because there are a great deal data that they need to search. However , they can filtration data employing ICT and they will work with more tenacity. 6. The contemporary society will have even more access to data that is available by using the internet. Buyers can use the computers that are provided inside the library and search for information that maybe not available in the library’s books.

This will improve the understanding of society which will cause a better culture with up-to-date information. six. It will be easier for the society to print out, send e-mail, do research etc by using the pcs provided inside the library. Hence enabling them to score loaded with their statement and furthermore giving them a future career possibility. Disadvantages: 1 ) There will be unemployment for some librarians since the catalogue doesn’t need a lot of librarians anymore. The librarians in whose old job were to verify / compose data in paper will be no longer needed considering that the ICT is only going to need fewer librarians to complete the same amount of.. In Nigeria, many people doesn’t seem to understand ICT well, therefore there will be challenges when they are making use of the ICT system. For example , online sites and computer systems. They won’t be that considering using the laptop because they don’t know using it. Therefore , if they will force themself to use pc, there will be probability that they will harm the computers’ hardwares, and also the computers will be abandoned without users with them. 3. The cost of implementing the ICT method is not cheap. It usually requires a lot of money the fact that university need to provide.

This will have impact on other college or university facilities. As a result of implementation of ICT, various other facilities could have only a decreased budget which is bad for the university students. Through the list of benefits and drawbacks before, we all know that the ICT system in library possess a significant influence to the culture. For me, though it has some down sides, there are a lot more advantages that ICT system offers. It will also modernize the local people by providing increasingly more information via abroad, not simply from the books. Thus, ICT system is required for the better qualified of individuals.

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