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Guam Background: A Review of the Island’s Exceptional History VincentAnthony V. Borja English hundratrettiofem Professor Rosemary Harty The spring 21, 2011 Over the past 10 years, random persons would question me about the history of Guam, and exactly how it became a United States terrain. Grew up the majority of my life on Guam, but never really cared for about their history, even though, every year we would celebrate its liberation time from the Japanese people and enjoy festive holidays significant towards the islands history, I never truly understood for what reason we famous it.
The Spanish Time, the American Period, & the Japanese career played a significant influence on st. kitts and its culture today.
The island of Guam, Guahan in native Chamorro, is a genuinely multi-ethnic community that reflects the cultures of it is original Chamorro inhabitants around 2, 000 B. C., influenced by countless Euro, American, Cookware, Micronesian, and other people who have filled, visited and immigrated to Guam since the 16th Century. Many question the discovery by Spaniards, the occupation of the Americans plus the Japanese that shaped the island’s record that makes the culture very fascinating. Learning the islands struggles that have bring about the American status it eventually became following many centuries of fighting.
Guam of today can be quite a mixed community with a unique culture, the building blocks of which is definitely ancient Chamorro heavily influenced by the The spanish language occupation and the Catholic Cathedral. Strong American influence is additionally evident in the celebration of many public holidays, the shape of Government as well as the pride in being U. S. that is certainly displayed by natives. Guam’s culture is influenced and enriched by Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Chinese and Micronesian immigrants every group of with added their particular contributions.
In line with the 2000 Census of Populace and Enclosure the present population of Guam, is approximately 154, 805 to whom roughly 37% are Chamorro, 26% Philippine, 11% other Pacific Islander with the staying 26% generally Caucasian, Chinese language, Korean and Japanese, all of whom deliver their ethnical heritage and customs and contribute to Guam’s unique traditions and charm. (U. S. Department of Commerce, 2004) SPANISH TIME According to the periodicals of Antonio Pigafetta, whom was an Italian scholar and traveler form the republic of Venice.
Pigafetta journeyed with Costa da prata explorer Ferdinand Magellan and recorded the majority of Magellan’s moves. Ferdinand Magellan on Mar 6, 1521, first discovered the island. (Pigafetta, 1995, s. 18) During his end on the island, the natives canoed out to the ships and stole anything that was not guaranteed or tied up. The vulnerable sailors experienced trouble fending off the high and strong natives until a few pictures from theTrinidad’s big pistols frightened them off the send and they retreated into the surrounding jungle. The objective of Magellan’s go to was to restock on items and find foodstuff.
After Magellan’s travel throughout the Marianas, it absolutely was primarily his experience in Guam the Marianas was named Li Ladroni, this island then of thieves. (Suarez, 99, p. 133) Although Magellan was considered the first Western european explorer to step feet on Guam’s beaches, it absolutely was known that Guam as well as the other Mariana islands were formally stated by the The spanish language Crown in 1565 simply by General Miguel Lopez de Legazpi for Spain. California king Phillip II of The country wanted transact to begin with the Phillipine island destinations, islands named after him. Legazpi was sent across the pacific cycles from Mexico, which was a colony of Spain in 1564.
During Legazpi’s travel across the pacific cycles, King Phillip ordered him to take possession of all land and any island encountered. Additionally , this individual wanted Legazpi to find a path between South america and the Philllipines that would have got to pacific. Legazpi and his fast reached Guam on January 22, 1565 and docked his delivers for several days. After days of ready, they finally went on banks on January 26, 1565 to claim Guam and submitted the Spain flag. (Cunningham, Beaty, 2001) Legazpi great men slept on Guam for 9 days.
Within this visit, Legazpi was therefore afraid of distressing the Chamorro’s that this individual ordered most crew associates not to embark on shore with out his authorization. The Chamorro’s were much friendlier, canoeing out to welcome the voyagers with food and supplies, a much different experience the The spanish language explorers got remembered during their last Guam visit. Smart and sly, the Chamorro’s were always trying to operate rice for nails. Often the residents would trick the voyagers by placing rice in the top of the tote and completing the bottom with rocks and straw.
When the men gone ashore to fill the kegs with water, a great altercation came about, and one of Legazpi’s males was slain. Legazpi was upset and ordered 100 men to the island and punish the Chamorro’s. The end result was 3 Chamorro’s hung and murdered, and many homes and canoes burned. Pursuing the incident Legazpi declared anchors to be lifted and the Spaniards journeyed to get the Philllipines. (Rogers, 1995, p. 14) Catholocism was your first faith introduced on the island during the 1600’s.
The major influence and main support came from one of the main frontrunners on the island during that time. Primary Quipuha was the maga’lahi or highest-ranking man, in the area of Hagatna when the Spanish landed away its shores in 1660. On Summer 15, 1668 missionaries led by Spanish Jesuit Sacerdote Diego Luis de San Vitores of Burgos, of Spain, whom landed off of the shores of Hagatna. These were greeted and welcomed by Chief Quipuha, the term Ke puha or Quipuha means, “to uphold. Main Quipuha was so pleasing to these missionaries, he even offered a plot of land in Hagatna to get the mission. Political Status Education Complementing Commission, 1995) It was about this offered terrain where the initial Catholic Church in Guam was constructed and Catholicism was released. Chief Quipuha died in 1669, but his musical legacy left a significant impact that allowed the Spanish to carry on its musical legacy for the Manila Galleon trade, that was the exchange of goods among Asia and Mexico.
The Spaniards imported Spanish soldiers and Filipino’s to restock the population, tagging the end with the pure Chamorro bloodline. (Rogers, 1995, pp. 41-57) Following 1695, Chamorro’s were required to settle in five neighborhoods: Hagatna, Agat, Umatac, Pago, and Fena, were monitored by the priests and military garrison, forced to attend Cathedral daily and learn The spanish language language and customs. In 1740, Chamorro’s of the Upper Marianas Islands, except Rota, were taken out of their home island destinations and expatriate to Guam.
Mata’ pang himself was killed in a final challenge on the island of Rota in 1680. Having been vilified intended for the event that started the decimation of the real Chamorro race, the brand Mata’ pang has evolved to mean silly. (Donald D. Platt, 2009) During the eighteenth century, the English pirates who visited Guam to try to get supplies and provisions preyed upon the Spanish galleons. Guam was obviously a host to a number of researchers, voyagers, and whalers from Russia, Portugal, and Great britain some of who provided comprehensive accounts from the daily life in Guam underneath Spanish rule.
Evidence of Spanish buildings, bridges, churches and forts can still be seen through the island, especially in the southern areas of the island. The spanish language cannon continue to overlooks Hagatna and Umatac bays from Forts Agueda and Abandono, the Plaza de Espana, once the Spanish Governor’s Building, still stands in central Hagatna, and sunken Spanish galleons even now lie under Guam’s magnificent waters. The architecture and design of buildings build after the The spanish language era, such as the bridge in Umatac, which usually still has unique Spanish quality. (Donald L.
Platt, 2009) AMERICAN PERIOD During the Spanish-American war Guam was ceded to the United states of america by the Treaty of Rome, which concluded the Spanish American battle in 1898 and Guam was formally purchased coming from Spain intended for $20 , 000, 000 in 1899. At the time of the turnover, the area population of Guam acquired grown to about 10, 000 residents. U. T. President Bill McKinley granted an exec order positioning Guam within the administration with the Department from the Navy. Chief R. L. Leary was appointed the island’s 1st U. S. Governor. (Rogers, 1995, s. 14) Under Navy supervision, Guam experienced many advancements in the areas of agriculture, public well-being, sanitation, education, land administration, taxes, and public works. Orders released by Captain Leary in August of sixteen, 1899, controlled the échange and sale for intoxicating liquors, regulated the celebration of church and other holidays, prohibited the copy of area without the approval of the authorities, prohibited soupirant and required that marriage end up being performed between persons that had been cohabiting, forbidden exportation of certain content articles in common use among he people, necessary persons with no trade or perhaps regular job to pant specified items and keep selected live share, regulated the keeping of dogs and other animals operating at large, abrogated the The spanish language system of taxation and supplied a new one, proven a open public system of non-sectarian education, and required each adult to learn to write his / her own name within a particular time. (Rogers, 1995, g. 119) In 1927, the people of Guam, including schoolchildren who contributed a penny every single, collected $703. 92 to experience a ship’s bell and a commemorative plaque manufactured in Shanghai, China.
The bell was presented to the Navy and has served distinctively on each of the 3 USS Guam Naval boats. (Palomo, 1999)The U. S i9000. Navy extended to use Guam as a refueling and interaction station until 1941, because it fell to invading Japanese people forces soon after the assault on Arizona memorial. “The bells, along with a commemorative bronze plaque, has been returned to Guam after the decommissioning of the USS Guam, an amphibious strike ship (LPH-9), on September 25, 1998 at the Norfolk, Virginia, Naviero Base. The USS Guam is the third Navy boat named after Guam. (Palomo, 1999)
JAPANESE PEOPLE OCCUPATION Upon December 10, 1941, Guam surrendered towards the Japanese Southern region Seas detachment after a valiant defensive struggle by the island’s Insular Force Guard and a limited range of U. T. Marines. Guam became the only populated U. S. dirt to be filled by another country on planet War II. Guam was renamed “Omiya Jima and then for 31 months, the people of Guam were forcibly afflicted by intolerable challenges administered by the Japanese army. Although some way of measuring religious practice and business activities were permitted, atrocities, grenade slaughters and rapes were common.
The 29th Division of Japan’s Kwantung Military services established attentiveness camps and approximately 600 Chamorro’s had been executed. (Rogers, 1995, pp. 163-181) A lot of Chamorro’s were beheaded if the Japanese learned of the 3-year humanitarian work by Chamorro’s to efficiently feed and hide U. S. Navy blue radioman George Tweed, whom escaped in the initial invasion. Tweed’s cave is a popular “boonie stomping destination on Guam today. (Babuata, 2009) Many landmarks of the Japanese profession, including gun emplacements and tunnels could be seen throughout the island of Guam. LIBERATION AND U. S. COMARCAL STATUS
Record tonnage of naval bombardment in which 1000s of Japanese and Chamorro’s designated the marketing campaign for the liberation of Guam lost their lives and the associated with Hagatna was nearly ruined. American pushes landed upon July 21 years old, 1944 by Asan and Agat shorelines. In honor of the bravery and sacrifices of most those who participated in the Pacific Theater of World War II, including soldiers, sailors and marine corps of the United States, Asia, Australia, Canada, China, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, the Netherlands, and the Soviet Union, the landing region has been selected as the “War in the Pacific National Historic Area. During the following bitter three week plan, 7, 500 U. H. and 10, 000 Japan lives were lost just before Guam was reclaimed and once again under American administration. (Aguon, 2009) Today, July twenty first, Guam Freedom Day, can be described as major Guam holiday. All government office buildings and most businesses are closed because the island celebrates with daylong fiestas and a parade down Underwater Corps drive in Hagatna. Because of its strategic position, Guam was used like a command content for U. S. American Pacific operations until the Battle came to an end in 1945. On May 31, 1946, the U. S i9000. Naval Federal government was re-established.
Although deducted over 50 years in the past, World War II continue to exerts a major influence about Guam. Relics and proof of the Warfare are still evident all across this island then and scuba divers can study wrecks of Japanese, American, German and also other ships and airplanes under Guam’s nice clear oceans. On January 24, 1972, the last Western World War II holdout, Sergeant Shoichi Yokoi, was discovered in the cave in which he had recently been hiding as his unit was scattered by the improving Americans in July 1944. Sergeant Yokoi’s cave in Talofofo is catagorized has been maintained as a well-known attraction pertaining to visitors. (Aguon, 2009) Because the Westernmost U.
H. soil in the Pacific, Guam today remains a strategic outpost for the U. T. military. In 1949, U. S. Director Harry H. Truman authorized the Organic and natural Act making Guam a great unincorporated area of the United States with limited self-governing authority and granting American citizenship to individuals of Guam. In 62, security distance requirement for go Guam, which will had been in place since Ww ii, were raised permitting Guam’s economy to flourish and opening a great influx of recent residents of diverse nationalities and events such as Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, American indian, Pacific Islanders nd White. (Rogers, 1995) CULTURE The core of Guam traditions, the Chamorro, is characterized by a complex cultural protocol centered upon admiration, caring, receiving and aiding one another. Inafa’maolek, or interdependence, is a central value in Chamorro tradition that depends upon a nature of assistance. Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 published, “In a Chamorro perception, the property and its produce belong to everybody. This is the colonne, or primary, that everything in Chamorro culture revolves around. It is a strong concern to get mutuality rather than individualism and private property legal rights. The culture is noticeably manifested inside the kissing of the hands of elders, transferring of tales, music, boogie, chants, courtship rituals, handi crafts, burial traditions, preparation of herbal medicines, and requesting forgiveness from spiritual ancestors the moment entering a jungle. Glimpses of Guam culture will be evident in local tales and folk traditions such as the taotaomona (ancient spirits), doomed addicts leaping for their death off Two Second half’s Point (Puntan Dos Amentes), and Ninfa, a beautiful young girl who became a mermaid. Guam Society and Culture Total Report, 2010) The Spanish occupation was based on conquest and transformation to “save the heathen souls, applied by pressure, which nearly resulted in the total extermination from the pure Chamorro race. Yet , the Spanish failed to know that the Chamorro culture was matrilineal and largely ignored the influence of the Chamorro women, which will likely accounts for the fact that the Chamorro culture has suffered to this day. The best influence from the Spanish above Guam’s tradition was throughout the Catholic Cathedral, which has, since the 17th 100 years, been the middle of town activity.
Today, every village has its patron saint whose feast day is celebrated with an elaborate fiesta, to which the whole island is definitely invited. These fiestas, whereupon by responsibility, extended people contribute meals and function to make for the village friends remain a key attribute with the culture of Guam till’ this day. Chamorro society stresses respect intended for the elderly. The practice ofmanngingi (“to smell”) entails sniffing the right palm of an seniors person to show one’s deep regard. Prior to colonial secret, Chamorro’s known the power and authority of clan elders.
Informal positions of power were naturally to parents who commanded the value of their group members. Parents could pool area the labor and materials resources of their clans much more need. (Guam Society and Culture Complete Report, 2010) Today 1000s of tourist visit the island to have a blend of The spanish language, Micronesian, Asian and western influences which may have inhabited Guam for the past 300 years. The experience of the island’s history and living traditions when you visit traditional sites or perhaps by sampling some of the island’s delicious food.
In conclusion, because Guam is the because area in the pacific cycles, and a strategic point in the pacific, this can be a valuable area that will always be secured simply by America and very much appreciated. Although, the natives appreciate the Americas occurrence and Guam’s current politics status on the island, they are still fighting for a lot of the original property to be returned to unique landowners. The natives suffered many challenges from Spain and Japan in order for the island to be what it is today.
The diverse influence that started from the Spanish era, japan occupation, after which the liberation from the Americans is what makes the Chamorro tradition very exceptional. The new era is struggling to preserve precisely what is left with the island’s background, and many agencies are working in promoting the tradition through song and music. References Aguon, Katherine, PhD and Palomo, Tony. WWII: From Occupation to Freedom, referenced The spring 12, 2011, 2009 Guampedia, URL: http://guampedia. com/wwii-from-occupation-to-liberation/ Babauta, Leo. George Tweed, referenced April 11, 2011, 2009 Guampedia, LINK: http://guampedia. om/george-tweed/ Ballendorf, D & Promote, Sophie. Guam. (2011). In Encyclop? vida Britannica. Retrieved from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/247691/Guam Coomans, Fr. Peter. (1997). History of the Mission inside the Mariana Island destinations: 1667 , 1673. Periodic Historical Paperwork Series Number 4. Translated and modified by Rodrigue Levesque. Saipan, CM: Division of Traditional Preservation Cunningham, Lawrence T., Beaty, Janice J. 2001 A History of Guam. Hagatna, GU, Bess Press Guam Society and Culture Complete Report. Community Trade Press Date Published: 2010 LC Call Amount: DU647 ISBN: 9781607804727 Naviero Station Guam.
Chief Quipuha (Ke puha) Statue. Recovered April 09, 2011 coming from http://ns. gov. gu/quipua. html Palomo, Antonio. The Guam Bell. Referenced April 14, 2011. 99 Guam. org, URL: http://guam. org. gu/guambell/ Rogers, Robert F. (1995). Destiny’s Landfall: A History of Guam. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press. Within the Organic Take action 1950-1970 224-232 Smith, L. (2004). Matn Luther. In L. McDonald (ed. ), Encyclopedia of science and religion. Babson Press. Retrieved November 20, 2003, by http://www. scireligion. com/ml Suarez, Thomas (1999). Early Umschlüsselung of Southeast Asia. Singapore, Periplus Editions (HK) Limited.
