Craig R. Kevorkian
Bell C Health Workshop
January thirty-one, 2001
Diabetes Type two
1 . Insulin in a healthful human body
1 ) Insulin
1 ) a pancreatic hormone in order to the body to convert sugar into strength.
2 . A result of Insulin in Protein Synthesis
(1)the total quantity of necessary protein in the body is increased simply by insulin
(1)results from 3 functions of insulin similar to growth hormone
(1)increased active transportation of valine into the skin cells
1)amino acids- the basic building blocks of aminoacids
(2)accelerated translation of the messenger RNA code by the ribosomes to form increased quantities of proteins
1)Ribosomes- the sites in a cell wherever protein can be manufactured
(3)Increased transcription of DNA inside the cell nuclei to form elevated quantities of RNA, which often leads to still further protein activity
2 . Diabetes Mellitus: An intro
1 . 90% of all diabetes sufferers have type 2 diabetes
2 . Influences 16 , 000, 000 people in the usa alone, 75 million on the globe.
1 .
Approximated that 50 % of all diabetes sufferers are unaware that they have it.
three or more. Most common disorder of the endocrine system
4. Brought on by disorders in blood vessels levels of insulin.
3. Short- and long-term complications
1 )
Hypoglycemia
1 ) A short term effect of diabetes in which the blood glucose is too low
2 . May be easily cured if symptoms are recognized
2 . Ketoacidosis
1 . A critical diabetic condition brought on by deficiencies in insulin
installment payments on your Blood turns into increasingly acidic from deposition of ketone
(1)ketone
(1)toxic by-products produced by the body as it breaks down body fat for energy.
3. As well occurs in case the body is starved for options for energy.
four. Can occur if the body comes under unexpected physical pressure, illness, or from a major accident
5. Indicators:
(1)nausea
(2)excessive thirst
(3)frequent urination
(4)extreme weakness
(5)abdominal pains
(6)rapid deep breathing
(7)loss of hunger
(8)reddened and warm skin
(9)headache
(10)drowsiness
(11)fruity-smelling breath of air
(12)restlessness
(13)ketone in urine
6. Inability to respond right away can result in coma or loss of life
3.
Diabetes can damage the subsequent
1 . Eyes
(1)Diabetes makes up twelve to twenty-four thousands of of new circumstances of blindness annually
(2)the leading cause of blindness in patients ages twenty to seventy-four
2 . Nervous program
(1)Neuropathy
(1)decreased or unbalanced nerve function particularly in the nerves responsible for sensation
(2)numbness
(3)tingling
(4)weakness
(5)burning sensations in the extremities
(2)if the nerves happen to be damaged, a person might be unaware of minor wounds that contain become contaminated.
(3)if diabetes affects the autonomic stressed system, malocclusions of blood pressure control, intestinal and bladder function, and sexual function in males may arise.
(4)in many cases neuropathy can block warning chest aches for heart problems and cardiovascular attacks
(5)diabetic patients should be aware of other signs of a heart attack
(1)sudden exhaustion
(2)sweating
(3)shortness of breath of air
(4)nausea
(5)vomiting
3. Cardiovascular system
(1)heart disorders account for 60% of deaths in diabetes patients
(2)strokes account for 25% of deaths in diabetics
(3)people with diabetes and no genealogy for heart disease have the same seven-year risk for center attacks as being a non-diabetic with heart disease.
(4)diabetes accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis or perhaps blockage of the arteries
(1)leads to three key conditions
(1)coronary artery disease
(2)heart harm
(3)stroke
(5)people with diabetes mellitus type 2 are more likely compared to the general human population to have large triglyceride amounts and lower high-density lipoprotein
(1)risk factors for heart disease
4. Kidneys
(1)kidney destruction is a very critical complication of diabetes
(2)the risk for kidney damage is usually compounded by presence of
(1)hypertension
(2)coronary artery disease
(3)problems inside the urinary tract
(3)symptoms include
(1)swelling in the feet
(2)swelling in the ankles
(3)fatigue
(4)pale skin color
five. Overall resistance from infections
four. People with diabetes are prone to gum problems
five. Prone to yeast infections
4. What is causing Type 2 Diabetes?
1 )
Causes of Insulin Resistance
1 . Insulin amount of resistance is thought to be caused by increased levels of three factors.
(1)free fatty acids
(1)acids in the blood vessels produced by the breakdown of fat
(2)leptin
(1)a healthy proteins produced by fat cells
(3)tumor-necrosis factor or TNF
(1)a component of the immune system
(2)?
(4)how each of these elements are involved is under analysis
2 . Genetic Factors
1 ) Impairment of beta cell functions and an abnormal response to insulin are involved.
installment payments on your
P2 gene
(1)appears to become a critical link between obesity and insulin resistance
a few. Researchers include identified a link between low birth excess weight and diabetes type 2 .
4. Women have better pay of insulin resistance than men.
3. Age
1 .
Onset commonly occurs following age 40
2 . Key concern intended for increase of diabetes type 2 in children quite possibly due to increasing rate of kid obesity
some. Obesity
1 . Rate of obesity in type two diabetics is incredibly high
installment payments on your Regardless of family history and ancestors, even mild weight gain is definitely associated with a heightened risk for diabetes.
3.
Excess body fat plays a powerful role in insulin level of resistance, but the approach its allocated is also significant
(1)weight targeted around the abdominal and in the top part of the physique (apple-shaped body) is associated with insulin amount of resistance and diabetes.
(2)fat that settles throughout the hips and the flank (pear-shaped body) seems to have lower association with these circumstances.
5. Smoking cigarettes
1 . Smokers are at high risk.
