countertransference and the experienced therapist, this study looks at how commencing
therapists rate five factors theorized to get important in countertransference
administration: (I) anxiety management, (2) conceptualizing skills, (3) empathic
ability, (4) self-insight and (5) self-integration. Using a great adaptation from the
Countertransference Factors Inventory (CFI) designed for the previously
mentioned studies, twenty four beginning counselors (34 girls, 14 men) rated 60
statements regarding their value in taking care of countertransference. Collectively, these
transactions make up subscales representing the five countertransference
management elements. Beginners ranked the elements similarly to experts, both score
self-insight and self-integration maximum. In taking a look at the personal characteristics
which might impact ones score of the elements, males and females ranked
self-insight and self-integration top.
As months in personal and/or group
psychotherapy went up, the factors ratings went down, and a much stronger
adverse correlation was found with age. Generally, beginners ranked the factors
higher than professionals. Beginners who are old and/or have gotten more therapy
rated the factors more like the experts.
The word countertransference was coined by Sigmund Freud in approxirnately the
year 1901, at the primary; first; basic; elementary; introductory; rudimentary; beginning of psychoanalysis. In time-honored psychoanalysis
transference was seen as a distortion in the therapeutic romance which occurred
when the customer unconsciously misperceived the therapist as having personality
features similar to someone in his or her past, whilst countertransference
referred to the analysts unconscious, neurotic reaction to the patients transference
(Freud, 1910/1959). Freud thought that countertransference impedes remedy, and
that the analyst must recognize his/her countertransference to be able to overcome it.
In recent years, a few schools of psychotherapy have expanded the definition of
countertransference to include every conscious and unconscious emotions or attitudes
a practitioners has toward a client, possessing that countertransference feelings happen to be
potentially good for treatment (Singer Luborsky, 1977). Using more specific
language, Corey (1991) specifies countertransference while the process of finding
oneself in the client, of overidentifying while using client or of meeting needs through
Common to every definitions with this construct is the belief that countertransference
should be regulated or perhaps managed. In the event unregulated, a therapists rear quarter blind spots may limit
his/her beneficial effectiveness by allowing consumers to contact the experienced therapist own
uncertain areas, leading to conflictual and irrational reactions. With increased
awareness of the motivating causes behind kinds own thoughts, feelings and
behaviors, the therapist is less likely to pose the therapeutic relationship.
Indeed, because countertransference originates in the unconscious, the greater
the therapist is able to provide into mindful awareness what was
hidden in the subconscious, the significantly less he will realize that his patients material
energizes countertransference reactions. (Hayes, Gelso, Van Wagoner
Nonfacilitative countertransference is not just the passive act of misperception.
It
occurs when, because of the misperception, the therapists response to the customer
is based on his or her own require or issue rather than those of the client.
Countertransference is an important issue for all practitioners. Beginning practitioners
often addresses the issue in the lecture sessions, teams and guidance, as well as in
improvised discussions. Generally, no specialist wants his/her unresolved issues to
impair the therapeutic process. Becoming in personal therapy and supervision are two
techniques a specialist can bring issues to conscious awareness and deal with
countertransference (Fromm Reichmann, 1950, Gelso Carter, 85, Heimann
1950, Reich, 1960), but are generally there other ways? Is there specific personal
characteristics which will enable the therapist to deal successfully with
Even though little theory and research address these issues, Hayes, et al. (1991) and
Vehicle Wagoner, Gelso, Hayes and Diemer (1991) studied the personal
characteristics that therapists imagine assist all of them in the managing of
countertransference.
The five specialist qualities theorized to assist the effective
supervision of countertransference were (I) anxiety managing, (2)
conceptualising skills, (3) empathic capacity, (4) self-insight and (5) self-integration.
Applying these research as a pair of handcuffs, this examine looks at how beginning experienced therapist rate
the potency of the five qualities in helping them manage countertransference
and it is exploring whether sexuality, age and months in individual and group
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